Is Panic A Pharmaceutical Invention? Doxepin? For what? See payment options and shipping countries for every drug and every pharmacy.

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Is Panic A Pharmaceutical Invention?

A paper by Giovanni A. Fava and associates of the University of Bologna published in April issue of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics summarizes the evidence which supports seriousness of agoraphobia as an invalidating disease. At the same time it questions the excessive emphasis on panic which has been attributed in the past decade and the role of pharmaceutical industry in this attribution.

In studying the phenomenology of panic attacks, Argyle and Roth noticed that truly spontaneous attacks, not preceded by anxiety-provoking cognitions, were uncommon. Patients meeting positive criteria for panic disorder suffered from the whole range of anxiety disorders, and a unique relationship with agoraphobia was not seen. Indeed, other diagnoses ( particularly social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder ) frequently predated the onset of panic. This was true also for agoraphobia. If we conceptualize the onset of panic disorder as a stage of development of anxiety disorders ( whether agoraphobia or social phobia or generalized anxiety disorder ) and hypochondriasis, instead of a specific disease, we may increase our diagnostic sharpness and substitute undifferentiated treatment, which may leave substantial areas of non-response, with stage-guided therapeutic tools. The staging method that Fava and colleagues applied to agoraphobia in their paper may also be appropriate for generalized anxiety disorder and social phobia and may yield a better longitudinal understanding than cross-sectional definition of DSM.

Maj has recently raised concerns about differentiating true mental disorder and homeostatic reactions to adverse life situations. The rise in popularity of the diagnosis of panic disorder in past 2 decades was largely due to marketing strategies ( e. g. , alprazolam ) ; research was frequently biased by conflict of interest and may qualify for disease mongering.

PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS http: //www. karger. com/PPS

Doxepin? For what?

uses of Doxepin Doxepin is used to treat mental/mood problems such as depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder. It may help improve mood and feelings of well-being, relieve anxiety and tension, help you sleep better, and increase your energy level. Doxepin belongs to a class of medications called tricyclic antidepressants. It works by affecting the balance of certain natural chemicals ( neurotransmitters ) in brain.

how to use of Doxepin Read Medication Guide available from your pharmacist. Consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.

Take Doxepin by mouth, usually 1 to 3 times daily or as directed by your doctor. If we take it only once a day, take it at bedtime to help reduce daytime sleepiness. The dosage is based on your age, medical condition and response to therapy. Your doctor may start you at a low dose and gradually increase your dose over several weeks. Follow your doctor's instructions carefully.

Use the dropper that comes with the medication to measure out prescribed amount. Just before taking, mix the drug with half a glass ( 4 ounces or 120 milliliters ) of water, whole/skim milk, or orange, grapefruit, tomato, prune or pineapple juice, and drink all of mixture. Do not mix with soda or other carbonated beverages. If you're taking Doxepin in combination with liquid methadone, we may mix both drugs with lemonade, orange juice, sugar water, orange drink mix, or plain water, but not grape juice. Mix only what you need for each dose. Do not prepare a supply for future use.

Doxepin doesn't work right away. It may take up to 2 to 3 weeks before you experience full benefits.

Use Doxepin regularly in order to get most benefit from it. To help we remember, take it at same times each day.

It's important to continue taking Doxepin even if you feel well. Don't suddenly stop taking Doxepin without consulting your doctor. Some conditions may become worse when the drug is abruptly stopped. Muscle aches, headaches and worsening anxiety may also occur. Your dose may need to be gradually decreased.

Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens.

other used of Doxepin This section contains uses of Doxepin that aren't listed in approved professional labeling for drug but that may be prescribed by your health care professional. Use Doxepin for a condition that's listed in this section only if it has been so prescribed by your health care professional.

If directed by your doctor, Doxepin may also be used to treat certain types of pain ( e. g. , peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain ) and trouble sleeping.

side effects of Doxepin See also Warning section.

Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, fast heartbeat, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, changes in taste, weight gain, or trouble urinating may occur while use Doxepin. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.

To relieve dry mouth, suck on ( sugarless ) hard candy or ice chips, chew ( sugarless ) gum, drink water, or use a saliva substitute.

Remember that your doctor has prescribed Doxepin because he or she has judged that benefit to you is greater than risk of side effects. Many people using Doxepin don't have serious side effects.

Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur:

Tell your doctor immediately if any of these rare but very serious side effects occur:

A very serious allergic reaction to Doxepin is unlikely, but seek immediate medical attention if it occurs. Symptoms of a serious allergic reaction may include:

This isn't a complete list of possible side effects. If we notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.

precautions of Doxepin See also Warning section.

Before taking Doxepin, tell your doctor or pharmacist if we are allergic to it, or to other tricyclic antidepressants ( e. g. , amitriptyline ) , or if we have any other allergies.

Doxepin shouldn't be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if we have:

Before using Doxepin, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of:

Doxepin may make we drowsy or dizzy or cause blurred vision; use caution engaging in activities requiring alertness or clear vision such as driving or using machinery. Limit alcoholic beverages.

To minimize dizziness and risk of fainting, get up slowly when rising from a sitting or lying position.

Before having surgery, tell your doctor or dentist that you are taking Doxepin.

Doxepin may make we more sensitive to sun. Avoid prolonged sun exposure, tanning booths, and sunlamps. Wear sunblock ( SPF 30 or greater ) and a hat when outdoors.

If we have diabetes, Doxepin may increase your blood sugar levels. Check your blood sugar levels regularly as directed by your doctor. Tell your doctor immediately if we have symptoms such as increased thirst/urination, shakiness, unusual sweating, or hunger. Your anti-diabetic medication or diet may need to be adjusted.

Depression can lead to thoughts/attempts of suicide. Tell your doctor immediately if we have any suicidal thoughts, worsening depression, or any other mental/mood changes ( including new or worsening anxiety, agitation, panic attacks, trouble sleeping, irritability, hostile/angry feelings, impulsive actions, severe restlessness, rapid speech ) . Keep all medical appointments so your doctor can monitor your progress closely and adjust your medication if needed.

Caution is advised when using Doxepin in the elderly because they may be more sensitive to its side effects, especially dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, and difficulty urinating.

Caution is advised when using Doxepin in children. ( See also Warning section. ) Doxepin should be used only when clearly needed during pregnancy. Discuss risks and benefits with your doctor.

Doxepin passes into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on a nursing infant. Breast-feeding while using Doxepin isn't recommended. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.

interactions of Doxepin Your healthcare professionals ( e. g. , doctor or pharmacist ) may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring we for it. Don't start, stop or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with them first.

Doxepin should not be used with the following medications because very serious ( possibly fatal ) interactions may occur:

Avoid taking MAO inhibitors within 2 weeks before and after treatment with Doxepin. In some cases a serious, possibly fatal drug interaction may occur while use Doxepin.

If you're currently using any of these medications listed above, tell your doctor or pharmacist before starting Doxepin.

Other drugs besides Doxepin that may affect heart rhythm ( QT prolongation in EKG ) include disopyramide, cisapride, halofantrine, pimozide among others. Before taking Doxepin, report all medications we are currently using to your doctor or pharmacist. QT prolongation can infrequently result in serious ( rarely fatal ) fast/irregular heartbeat and other symptoms ( e. g. , severe dizziness, fainting ) that require immediate medical attention. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for more details and for instructions on how we may reduce the risk of this effect.

Before using Doxepin, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of:

If we have been taking fluoxetine, wait at least 5 weeks after stopping fluoxetine before starting Doxepin.

Cigarette smoking decreases blood levels of this medication. Tell your doctor if you smoke or if we have recently stopped smoking.

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if we also take drugs that cause drowsiness such as:

Check labels on all your medicines ( e. g. , cough-and-cold products ) because they may contain drowsiness-causing ingredients. Ask your pharmacist about the safe use of those products.

Also report use of drugs which might increase seizure risk ( decrease seizure threshold ) when combined with Doxepin such as bupropion, isoniazid ( INH ) , theophylline, or tramadol, among others. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for details.

This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using Doxepin, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all products we use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share list with your doctor and pharmacist.